Traditional Catholic teaching on the virtues, which is based in Greek philosophy, sees each virtue as being contrasted (at two extremes) two vices. For example, the virtue of Courage (or Fortitude) would be contrasted with Cowardice in one “direction” and Rashness in the other. This is really vital, because without this concept, it’s easy to be repelled by the vice we’re less drawn into and pull so far away from it as to fall into the opposite vice. So, in our distaste for Cowardice, we may find ourselves completely ignorant of the dangers of Rashness.
It’s also important to note that we sometimes fail to distinguish a vice with an emotion. I think again that the example of Courage. Many people act courageously even while they feel the emotion of fear. This is very different from the vice of Cowardice, which involves not doing the right thing because of fear.
To reiterate: There’s nothing wrong with experiencing the emotion of fear, which can both “testify” to a courageous action which is done in spite of the fear AND can help steer us away from the precipice of rashness.
Charity
Faith
Fortitude
Hope
Humility
Justice
Prudence
Temperance
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